The
United States is not doing enough to promote free trade and the elimination of
trade barriers around the world. In fact, it’s doing just the opposite and
imposing barriers on billions of dollars’ worth of imports.
As a
result, new trade restrictions implemented by World Trade Organization (WTO) member
countries have reached historic highs.
Over the last two review periods, new trade restrictions totaled $588.3 billion and $339.5 billion, respectively. For the previous two periods, new trade restrictions totaled roughly $100 billion or less. The latest figures present a worrisome and unpredictable climate that is harming the overall health of world trade.
Director-General
of the WTO Roberto Azevêdo responded to these figures
by stating: “The message of the report before us is very serious. These actions
have real economic effects, and the alarm bells are already sounding.”
At
the same time, Azevêdo encouraged nations to
resolve tensions that were negatively affecting trade growth around the world.
WTO
nations in the last period applied 38 new
restrictions. For the period covering most of 2018, the number of new
restrictive measures imposed outpaced the number of barriers eliminated. According
to the report, and to no surprise given the continued tensions between the U.S.
and China, G20 countries were the primary culprits.
The
United States itself contributed greatly to the increase in restrictions on
global trade.
According to the Council of Economic Advisors, “Tariffs implemented in 2018 raised the U.S. average applied tariff rate by 1.1 percentage points, from 1.5 percent in January 2018 to 2.6 by November 2018.”
The 2019
Economic Report of the President says the administration
is aiming at, “zero tariffs, zero nontariff barriers, and zero subsidies,” in
trade between nations. If the goal is free trade, the strategy to achieve that
goal should not be to add more restrictions.
Slower
trade growth this year is expected as a result of the increase in restrictions and
expectations for trade expansion are at the weakest levels since March of 2010.
Trade growth is anticipated to
slow to 3.7 percent this year, from 3.9 percent growth in 2018.
The
slow down should serve as a signal that fighting trade wars with tariffs is not
a strategy beneficial for anyone, and the U.S should abandon this tactic. The Trump
administration needs to eliminate the tariffs imposed thus far, and instead
focus on expanding free trade through new free trade agreements with key
partners.
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