The Supreme Court
on Nov. 4 heard oral arguments in an immigration case that could have a
dramatic impact on how many criminal aliens plaguing our communities finally
get deported.
The case, Barton v. Barr, is complicated, in large part because
the statutes involved are vague and subject to various interpretations.
That prompted Justice Stephen Breyer to comment during oral arguments that “it wasn’t a genius who drafted this.” But the decision that will be made by the court in interpreting these immigration laws will affect the lives and safety of Americans.
Under federal
immigration law, a permanent resident alien who is here legally is “removable”
if he is “inadmissible.” That is to say,
he should never have been admitted in the first place because he met one of the
factors listed in the statute (8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)), such as posing “a threat to
the property, safety, or welfare of the alien or others.”
A permanent
resident alien is also removable if he is “deportable” under another statute (8
U.S.C. § 1227(a)), which lists a series of disqualifying offenses, including
violations of any “law of the United States.”
The attorney
general has the discretion to cancel the removal of such an alien, but to be
eligible for such cancellation, the alien has to show not only that he is
statutorily eligible for such relief from the attorney general, but that he
also deserves such favorable treatment.
The statutory
requirement is that the alien has been “lawfully admitted for permanent
residence for not less than 5 years”; has “resided” in the country “continuously
for 7 years after having been admitted”; and that he has not been “convicted of
any aggravated felony.”
What is at issue
in the Barton case is the “stop-time rule.”
The stop-time rule outlined in 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(d)(1) says that an
alien’s “period of continuous residence” in the U.S. is “deemed to end” if the
alien has committed any offense that makes him “inadmissible” or “removable.”
In other words,
an alien has to be crime-free under the law during the seven-year period of
continuous residence. That’s not asking very much of a would-be citizen or
lawful permanent resident.
Andre Martello
Barton is a Jamaican who was admitted to the U.S. on a tourist visa in May 1989.
In 1992, he was granted permanent resident alien status. Four years later, in 1996, he was convicted
in state court on three counts of aggravated assault, as well as first-degree
criminal damage to property and possession of a firearm during the commission
of a felony. This was followed up by
more convictions in 2007 and 2008 for drug offenses.
In 2016, the
Department of Homeland Security finally sought to remove Barton, and an
immigration judge agreed that he could be removed because of his drug and
weapon convictions.
When Barton
applied for cancellation of his removal, the DHS argued he wasn’t statutorily
eligible because he didn’t meet the seven-year continuous residence requirement
due to his convictions for aggravated assault in 1996.
The DHS said the
“stop-time” rule meant that his period of continuous residence ended in 1996,
when he committed the aggravated assaults and firearms offenses.
Barton appealed to the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. In what amounts to a highly technical argument about the wording in the applicable immigration statutes, Barton claimed that since he was not currently seeking admission to the U.S., he couldn’t be “rendered” inadmissible through the stop-time rule.
Barton also argues that the 1996 convictions did not trigger the stop-time rule because it is not referenced in Section 1182(a)(2) of the statute, and that he was convicted in July 1996, after the seven-year anniversary of his initial admission as a tourist.
The Court of
Appeals rejected Barton’s arguments, and he appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.
The high court should rule against Barton, too. As the 11th Circuit said, the stop-time rule’s “plain language forecloses” the interpretation that Barton and his lawyers are trying to push.
Further, if the Supreme Court rules against the government, it could keep thousands of dangerous aliens who have committed serious crimes, such as aggravated assault and using a weapon to commit a felony, in the U.S.
Congress obviously wanted criminal aliens like Barton, who endanger our communities, removed from the country. Although the statutes in play here may not have been written by “a genius” (or even a decent legal writer), their intent is clear.
A ruling for
Barton would not just violate the text of federal immigration law, but the
congressional intent behind those particular statutes.
Source material can be found at this site.
