With schools, businesses, and many government offices
closing in an effort to halt the spread of the coronavirus, state and federal
courts are starting to follow suit.
Courts across the country are grappling with how to
respond to the outbreak while balancing the health and safety of court
personnel and litigants against the need to handle emergency matters.
Some courts will proceed with jury trials, arguments,
and other matters in person. The D.C.
Superior Court, for example, has postponed starting any
new criminal trials until after May 1, but will continue ongoing trials and
hearing emergency matters, such as petitions for protection orders.
The New York-based U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd
Circuit is proceeding with its scheduled arguments. On the West Coast, the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit canceled arguments in Las Vegas and moved
cases set for argument in Seattle to Pasadena, California.
Some courts are conducting hearings by telephone or
videoconferencing. While many courthouses remain open to the public, they strongly
discourage visitors until the pandemic passes.
The U.S. Supreme Court announced
Monday that it will postpone oral arguments scheduled between March 23 and
April 1. The justices were supposed to hear arguments in cases challenging a
state grand jury and congressional attempts to subpoena President Donald
Trump’s financial records.
The justices will meet on Friday in a private conference, and the court indicated that some of the justices will participate by phone instead of in person. The court also may continue to release orders and opinions in cases as they are decided. The justices would not need to be physically present at 1 First Street NE in Washington for that to occur.
The majority of the justices are 65 or older, putting them at a higher risk for serious illness if they contract the coronavirus. Indeed, four-time cancer survivor Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg turned 87 over the weekend, and Justice Stephen Breyer is 81. Only Justices Elena Kagan, Neil Gorsuch, and Brett Kavanaugh are 60 or younger.
The court is well-known for soldiering on with arguments
notwithstanding events in the outside world. During blizzards
and hurricanes, when other federal buildings have
shuttered, the court has proceeded with arguments.
In fact, when Washington, D.C., was hit with 21 inches of snow in 1996, then-Chief Justice William Rehnquist, a Wisconsin native, refused to cancel oral arguments and instead sent Jeeps to pick up the justices from their homes.
After an anthrax scare in the court’s mailroom in 2001, the justices relocated to the federal building that houses the D.C. federal district court, Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, and FISA court for oral arguments.
The high court also continued hearing oral arguments during government shutdowns in 2013 and 2019. However, the court abbreviated its sittings after yellow fever outbreaks in August 1793 and August 1798 and rescheduled arguments during the height of the Spanish influenza in October 1918.
The court made the right call in postponing the upcoming
March arguments, not only to safeguard the justices’ health, but also the
health of all the other people who would be present in the courtroom.
Oral arguments are open to the public, and observers, reporters,
court staff, lawyers, and the justices are packed into the courtroom. Though
the courtroom has a soaring ceiling, the public seating is rather cramped, and
the justices’ bench is only 3-1/2 feet away from the lectern where the lawyers
stand to present their arguments.
When the court announced that arguments were postponed,
it didn’t indicate when those cases would be rescheduled. The next scheduled
sitting is April 20-29.
During a typical sitting, the court hears two oral
arguments per day, at 10:00 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. It occasionally has added an
afternoon argument starting at 1:00 p.m.
In the April sitting, there are three days with only one
case each set for argument, so the court could add one or two arguments to each
of those days. It also could add afternoon sessions to the other remaining
days. Another alternative is to add an extra week or two of arguments,
extending into early May.
Whatever the court decides to do, the justices will have quite a few opinions—tackling gun rights, abortion, Obamacare, and immigration, to name a few—to pen in May and June if the justices plan to stay on track with their June 29 end date.
That’s a self-imposed deadline, however, so the court
could extend its term by a few weeks to give the justices more time to write
their opinions. Given the high volume of blockbuster cases the justices are
hearing this term, they may very well appreciate having a few extra weeks to
labor over their opinions.
And then, as in years past, they can decamp to their various
summer vacation spots after dropping their biggest, most controversial
decisions.
In short, postponing the late March arguments was the
right thing to do, and it will probably lead to a slightly later conclusion to
the 2019-2020 term, but it likely will not have a huge impact on the court’s
work.
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